-
1 Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation
Sociology: PHAST (совместное изменение санитарии и гигиены)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation
-
2 Hygiene
* * *die Hygienehygiene; hygienics; sanitation* * *Hy|gi|e|ne [hy'gieːnə]f -, no plhygiene* * *((the rules or science of) cleanliness whose aim is to preserve health and prevent the spread of disease.) hygiene* * *Hy·gi·e·ne<->[hyˈgi̯e:nə]* * *die; Hygiene: hygiene* * *mangelnde Hygiene lack of hygiene, unhygienic conditions* * *die; Hygiene: hygiene* * *-n f.hygiene n. -
3 Nightingale, Florence
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 15 May 1820 Florence, Italyd. 13 August 1910 London, England[br]English nurse, pioneer of the reform of nursing, hospital organization and technology.[br]Dedicated to the relief of suffering, Florence Nightingale spent her early years visiting civil and military hospitals all over Europe. She then attended a course of formal training at Kaiserwerth in Germany and with the Sisters of St Vincent de Paul in Paris.She had returned to London and was managing, after having reformed, a hostel for invalid gentlewomen when in 1854 the appalling conditions of the wounded in Turkey during the Crimean War led to her taking a party of thirty-eight nurses out to Scutari. The application of principles of hygiene and sanitation resulted in dramatic improvements in conditions and on her return to England in 1856 she applied the large sums which had been raised in her honour to the founding in 1861 of the St Thomas's School of Nursing.From this base she acted as adviser, goad and promoter of sound nursing common sense for the remainder of a long life marred by a chronic invalidism quite out of keeping with the rigorousness of her role in the nursing field. It was not only in the training and conduct of nursing that her influence was primal. Many concepts of hospital technology relating to hygiene, ventilation and ward design are to be attributed to her forthright common sense. The "Nightingale ward", for a time the target of progressive reformers, has been shown still to have abiding virtues.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsOrder of Merit 1907.Bibliography1858, Notes on Nursing.1899, Notes on Hospitals.Further ReadingC.Woodham-Smith, 1949, Florence Nightingale, London.MG -
4 гигиена
ж.hygiene, hygienics- больничная гигиена
- военная гигиена
- гигиена беременных
- гигиена воды
- гигиена города
- гигиена детей и подростков
- гигиена жилища
- гигиена зубов и полости рта
- гигиена окружающей среды
- гигиена питания
- гигиена полости рта
- гигиена труда
- гигиена физических упражнений и спорта
- железнодорожная гигиена
- индивидуальная гигиена
- коммунальная гигиена
- космическая гигиена
- курортная гигиена
- личная гигиена
- общая гигиена
- оральная гигиена
- пищевая гигиена
- половая гигиена
- промышленная гигиена
- профессиональная гигиена
- психическая гигиена
- радиационная гигиена
- сельская гигиена
- социальная гигиена
- спортивная гигиена
- судовая гигиена
- транспортная гигиена -
5 Health
Although public health has improved considerably in the past two decades, and there has been a greater rate of improvement in this area since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, severe public health problems continue to plague Portugal. The death rate has decreased and life expectancy has increased (in 1989-90, life expectancy was about 71 for males and 78 for females, and by 2000 this had increased), but public health problems in Portugal continue to be severe; statistics especially in rural Portugal were typical of many poor countries. Recent improvements in the health picture include an improved medical educational system, better medical technology, and an increased number of doctors and medical personnel. There has also been some increase in the number of hospitals (in 1975, there were 229 hospitals and, in 1990, 239) and the number of beds available for patients. Basic health knowledge in the general population, however, remains low, especially in rural areas. Traditionally, medical resources continue to be most available in the major cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra.Along with increased migration from Portugal's former colonies and with European Union membership and its concomitant freer traffic across land frontiers, there has been an increase in the numbers of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency (HIV/AIDS) cases. Although not on the scale of some other Western European or North African countries, Portugal's HIV/AIDS situation has aroused national concern.An important sign of improving health care is that, as more women enter professional fields, more women choose to become doctors. Observers note that public health and medical improvements remain closely linked to reforms in education and better living conditions in both urban and rural areas where substandard housing, sanitation facilities, hygiene, and clean water supplies remain persistent problems. -
6 гигиена продуктов питания
гигиена продуктов питания
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
food hygiene
That part of the science of hygiene that deals with the principles and methods of sanitation applied to the quality of foodstuffs, to their processing, preparation, conservation and consumption by man. (Source: GUNN)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > гигиена продуктов питания
-
7 welfare
HRthe physical and mental wellbeing of employees, and the provision of help for those in need of assistance. Welfare embraces: physical working conditions, such as hygiene, sanitation, temperature, humidity, ventilation, lighting, physical comfort, and refreshments; occupational health or wellness promotion; counseling and advice on personal problems, such as bereavement, drug abuse, or stress; and working time, covering matters such as hours of work, rest periods, paid vacation, and shiftwork. Employee assistance programs are a modern form of welfare policy, although not common outside the United States. -
8 СЭЗ
1) General subject: sanitation and epidemiological conclusion (Санитарноэпидемиологическое заключение), Hygiene Certificate2) Finances: специальная( свободная) экономическая зона -
9 использованный
…the sanitation unit may include… collectors of food wastes and spent means of personal hygiene, etc. -
10 сборник для хранения
…the sanitation unit may include hygienic napkins,… collectors of food wastes and spent means of personal hygiene, etc.Русско-английский словарь по космонавтике > сборник для хранения
См. также в других словарях:
Field Hygiene and Sanitation — are two facets of military medicine that seek to ensure reduction of casualty through avoidance of non combat related health issues among military personnel, particularly in the prevention of disease. As such it encompasses prevention of… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in Ghana — The water supply and sanitation sector in Ghana faces severe problems, partly due to a neglect of the sector until the 1990s. Tariffs were kept at a low level which was far from reflecting the real cost of the service. Economic efficiency still… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan — Drinking water qualityGenerally, water pressure is low in Pakistani supply systems. Together with leaky pipes, this has led to infiltration of contaminated water. As a result of sewage and industrial waste, which leaked into drinking water… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in Indonesia — Source: Calculations based on [http://www.publicfinanceindonesia.org World Bank Indonesia Public Finance Data Page] . All figures are in current trillion Rupiah for 2005.While it is not entirely clear how much of this sum has been invested in… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia — Access to water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia is one of the lowest in the world. While access has increased substantially with funding from external aid, much still remains to be done to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of halving the… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in Bangladesh — Even though the water supply and sanitation sector in Bangladesh is expanding its coverage, it is difficult to keep pace with the rapid population growth. The country used to rely mainly on groundwater, which is why the discovery of arsenic in… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in Uganda — Since 2000, NWSC has worked under performance contracts with the national government, each covering three years. The contracts contain precise performance indicators, which the NWSC is expected to achieve. For example, the 2003 2006 contract… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in Benin — The share of domestic funding increased from 9% in 1997 to 25% in 2002. However, the sector still depends strongly on external funding. Overall expenditure decreased from US$11.87 million in 1997 to US$8.57 million in 2002. The share of total… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in India — continue to be inadequate, despite longstanding efforts by the various levels of government and communities at improving coverage. The situation is particularly inadequate for sanitation, since only one of three Indians has access to improved… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in Ecuador — has reached a significant increase in coverage in the last years. However, the sector is characterized by (i) low coverage levels, particularly in rural areas; (ii) low service quality and efficiency; and (iii) limited cost recovery and a high… … Wikipedia
Water supply and sanitation in Yemen — is characterized by poor service quality and low levels of access, the latter being almost as low as in Sub Saharan Africa for sanitation. Yemen is both the poorest country and the most water scarce country in the Arab world. In addition, the… … Wikipedia